Don't feel the pressure!
Are you feeling that your body isn't the same as is it used to be. Maybe you've just had a baby. Maybe you're recovering from an injury to your lower back or pelvis – yes men, this includes YOU! Maybe you're going through menopause. Effects of these events on the body's muscles are great and sometimes may be overlooked. This is particularly so about the pelvis and the pelvic floor muscles, where pain, injury, or cessation of regular activity and exercise can cause weakness and poor control.
You may wonder:
- Which exercises can I do?
- Which exercises should I be avoiding?
- Which exercises are high risk?
- Which exercises are low risk?
- Can my pelvic floor cope with the exercise I used to be able to do?
What is the big fuss about pressures on the pelvic floor muscle system?
Forces generated by activities of exercise and daily living on the pelvic floor may be too great if you have little strength or control. Repetitive jogging or exercise may be too much for these muscles to take and the risks associated include loss of bladder or bowel control, pelvic organ prolapse( falling down of the organs within your pelvis – bladder, bowel and uterus for the women) and chronic back and pelvic pain.
What is 'risky exercise?'
First, let's decide what makes an exercise more risky for the pelvic floor. The table below shows the different pressure transmissions in the pelvis and in the abdomen during different exercises. The lower the pressure values, the less "risky" the exercise is to the pelvic floor. This means that, the further you go down the table, the more likely the exercise is going to cause bladder or bowel issues. For example, you are more likely to leak a bit of urine with jogging or coughing than you are with crunching or walking.
For you guys out there who have bothered to read down this far, intra-vaginal pressure could be swapped for intra-rectal pressure. Remember we all have the same functioning pelvic floor -give or take- whether we are male or female.
Exercise
|
Intra-vaginal Pressure
|
Intra-Abdominal Pressure
|
Lying down at rest
|
5
|
-
|
Lying down on your back weights
|
10
|
-
|
Crunches - breathing
Crunches – holding breath
|
12
24
|
68
|
Standing at rest
|
24
|
39
|
Sitting at rest
|
25
|
-
|
Stair climbing
|
-
|
70
|
Walking
|
26
|
76
|
Stand from chair
|
-
|
79
|
Supine low bicycle
|
32
|
-
|
Seated arm machine
|
37
|
-
|
Seated leg machine
|
44
|
-
|
Seated abdominal machine
|
54
|
-
|
Free weights from floor (10kg)
|
>45
|
122
|
Squatting or lunging
|
-
|
-
|
Jogging
|
64
|
100
|
Jumping jacks
|
-
|
127
|
Laughing
|
86
|
-
|
Forceful cough
|
98
|
136
|
So what are the take home points?
- Always breathe through the exercise – holding your breath can double the pressure in your pelvis.
- There's no real difference between sitting weights training and standing weights training in terms of the effects on the pelvic floor.
- Crunches and sit-ups are always given a bad rap with regards to pressures on the body and the pelvic floor. They actually produce less pressure than any other seated or standing exercise, and even less pressure than just standing upright! They might not be the best exercise if you have a neck or back injury or an abdominal separation though.
- You need to invest more in managing hayfever or asthma to prevent bladder or bowel accidents than avoiding exercise.
- You need to really build the strength, endurance and coordination of your pelvic floor if you're struggling with control during any exercise, especially aerobic exercises such as jogging or jumping. A women's or men's health physiotherapist can guide you to ensure you do these exercises correctly and she can prescribe an individualized pelvic floor program just for you.
So now you know the risks of exercises on the pelvic floor. But this doesn't apply as a blanket rule for every woman or man. Another important thing to consider before you return to exercise is your individual risk. Whether you are high risk or low risk depends on your body and your individual circumstances and experiences.
Your individual risk comes down to six things:
- How strong are your pelvic floor muscles?
- What is the size of your levator hiatus (the space between the two sides of the pelvic floor muscles) at rest?
- How distensible are your connective tissue in your pelvic floor i.e. how much do they stretch?
- Do you have pelvic organ prolapse?
- Do you have levator avulsion (tearing of the pelvic floor muscles)?
- What is the state of your hormones?
What can I do to be sure my choice of exercise is the right one for me at this time of my life?
For you women, your women's health physiotherapist at The Fix Program is able to assess these six factors to determine your individual risk; and combining your risk with the risk of exercise, she will be able to tell you which exercises are suitable and which exercises you may need to build up to with time, as well as which exercises you may need to avoid.
In addition to this, your women's health physiotherapist can help you strengthen your pelvic floor muscles including the muscles that may have some tearing, manage your prolapse (perhaps with the fitting of a pessary to support your connective tissue), as well as guide you with nutrition and lifestyle advice to promote hormonal health.
For you men out there, there are men's health physiotherapists who can also assess your risk factors, pelvic floor weaknesses and help you to train these all important multi functional muscles. Ask us for details if you need them!